Restructuring in Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Restructuring in Airline Industry - Essay Example The cause of this crisis was the increase in the fuel prices as in the worse economic fiasco faced by many nations across the globe. This led to the falling down in demand of fuel in USA and Britain. Breaking out of Gulf War saw many airlines shutting their business down, among these were the Eastern Airlines -US, British airline Air Europe, Pan American and a few smaller airlines like Midway-US and TEA in Belgium. The end of Gulf War was not any better for any of these airlines. From the world's top-20 airlines only British Airways, Cathay, SIA (Singapore Airlines) and Swissair made a net surplus in each of the three years 1991-1993. The worst hit was the North-American airlines; on the contrary many Asian airlines functioned beneficially. Many airlines needed huge capitals to survive in those years among them was Air France. The member states of the European Union received US $ 10.4 billion in 'state aid' in the year 1995. This was government support offered following authorization by the European Commission. In 1997, Alitalia was given $ 1.7 billion of state aid. Several Airlines received government funds about $ 1.3 billion that were not classified as state support. Subsequently, in 1994 and the years to follow, with financial prudence a number of airlines returned to stipulate development and gain profits. Generally, this was the time when a boom occurred in the airline business. In addition, 1998 was the most lucrative year ever. (Doganis, 2001) Airlines suffered a setback right after 9/11. A year following the assault on WTC, 54% of airline employees in NY district who were removed remained jobless. By and large, joblessness in the New York state remains towering, at 7.4 percent, and current statistics illustrate that more or less 40 percent of those laid off subsequent to 9/11 are still jobless. Even though billions of dollars in centralized support have been billed to help the airlines affected by the rebellious assault, removed airline employees have by and large been unsuccessful to profit up to now from this aid. Apparently, not just US but many other countries suffered in the aftermath of 9/11's events. There was an abrupt, close to total disruption of air traffic in the United States on 9/11, which persisted for quite a few days after that. On the other hand, Clark (Sept. 25, 2001) found that even though some businesses proposed to use video-conferencing and automobiles to replace for air travel, largely companies hadn't suspended business travel by air. Airline industry possibly has attained soaring rates of development, but this has not been convoyed by soaring rates of productivity, relatively contradicting. The Airline industry profits have been relatively less as compared to some other businesses, and in recent years there have been extreme losses too. It is alongside this setting that the industry is experiencing several fundamental 'restructuring'. The better part of the post-war period the industry was subjugated by the nationalized airlines, known as 'flag carriers', and the regimes that possessed them frequently financed and used them as devices to further their

Manage Continous Organisational Improvement Essay Example for Free

Manage Continous Organisational Improvement Essay Abstract The sector of healthcare is vital for living that no one may deny. The advancement of technology has been a blessing in disguise for human health. Times are gone when people used to wait in long queues to get attention from the doctors and paramedical staff. The governments of the world were also responsible to not properly utilising the healthcare setup. In many parts of the world, it was still deemed as forbidden until the advent of 21st Century. Manage Continuous Organisational Improvement INTRODUCTION The sector of healthcare is vital for living that no one may deny. The advancement of technology has been a blessing in disguise for human health. Times are gone when people used to wait in long queues to get attention from  the doctors and paramedical staff. The governments of the world were also responsible to not properly utilising the healthcare setup. In many parts of the world, it was still deemed as forbidden until the advent of 21st Century (Alison; 2012). DISCUSSION Change management is something everyone thrives upon be it a business or medical science. For effective progress in any field of study, what matters the most is a well laid out and proper action plan. For example in business arena, gaining momentum is important in terms of financial aspects. For it one who is interested in business must be familiar with implementing a business plan to the suitable effect. The first and the foremost aspect is how much investment would be required for the project to be undertaken. Every country encourages ideas and the best way to be known for this purpose is to bring out something creative. In any aspect of profession, planning plays a vital role as well as management. In all most all the line of work, there is need for budgeting, staffing along with other strategizing options. In the context of globalization and global economy, change management becomes evident when we find that companies are overlooking the global parameters of a business where change is constant. In the context of this change, outsourcing is global strategic alliance that fosters a winning international strategy. The implementation of the policy of health is a complex topic that incorporates conceptual models. It is all about the guiding principles, rules, and regulations that lead to operational strategies. There are several one must be familiar with in order to accomplish explicit healthcare policy. To understand it, the cognition with health policy or governmental law is important. These also comprise of process of funding along with decisions taken at decentralised or national level. These widely effect upon how to deliver such services (Alison; 2012). The contemporary healthcare concept incorporates people from various fields related to medical technology including surgical equipment and medications. Access to evidence from medical and health research as well as latest information is also included within. The area of healthcare is notably one of the few areas which is blessed by heavy spending of the governments and the individuals alike. Alternatively the individual with less income is forced to pay a higher co pay and deductible for a lesser amount of coverage (Alison; 2012). SCENARIO You have recently taken on the role of change manager in an organisation. The organisation has decided to introduce the concept of continuous organisational improvement and you have been asked to lead this development. Before embarking on this work you decide that it is necessary for you to complete some detailed thinking in a number of key areas. In carrying out this assignment you should either use an organisation you have or currently work for. You must know this organisation well at a strategic level. Alternatively you should use the case study material provided. Firstly you need to give careful consideration of how a culture of continuous organisational improvement will be created. The process of change is inevitable in every organisation and NHS is no different. Mr. Regal has been appointed as a new Change Manager for NHS and is a dedicated individual who knows how to run things for the benefit of the organisation. He has been working in many prestigious organisations and thus he is also familiar with psychology of team working alongside him. Mr. Regal knows that all employees of NHS will need his active support to get the job done. For this purpose, involvement of staff and planning at early stage are a key to sure success to bring the process of change. It must also be noted that the policies to bring change must not oppose organisational policies such as redundancy, reorganisation and redeployment (Elizabeth; 2012). Before progressing any further, it is important that people within NHS must have idea of what change is all about. There are many types of changes including the ones instigated from ideas within NHS whereas some come from beyond the organisation. Other ideas include temporary and permanent ones all working for benefit of the organisation (Elizabeth; 2012). Since NHS is a complicated organisation thus many changes within are not clearly defined. In a typical organisational change model, new ways of working, unfamiliar team structures, processes and procedure are encompassed. Speaking individually, changes made at staff level can bring out pessimism, optimism, motivation, energy, enthusiasm and excitement to fear, anxiety, challenge, resistance, ambiguity and dread on various  instances. The fear within the staff is due to the concerns over new management and workload as well as job security and pensions. Thus various emotions can come into play and leads to distraction from development and provision of service. The staffs of NHS are ready to deal with anxiety which may be due to anticipating change. Surely, it will take Mr. Regal to get to know about the employees and the old standards that have been the hall mark of success for NHS. However, these techniques of the past wont last long and thus change in the system is mandatory. Thus it is important to introduce such techniques that are part and parcel of modern day mechanism (Gallouj Djellal; 2011). Mr. Regal knows what is the main reason of downfall of organizations i.e. those who are not willing to manage or identify change in human components. He has been performing his services as a freelance consultant for last 10 years. He suggests that the involvement of the individuals working within the organisation is necessary so that the way of thinking and behaviour may be altered. Now this may seem to be easier said than done as it requires thorough practice, time and motivation. The change in behaviour may not be easily measurable or achievable since the elements of humans are unable to get attention they require. As a line manager, it is the duty of Mr. Regal to lead from the front to identify and manage such human elements. NHS must also bear in mind that the change of initiatives must not go beyond the desired capacity. If it happens, the key resources required may turn uncontrollable. The extra workload must be shared by senior support and managers according to the resources and plan of action (Gallouj Djellal; 2011). Before starting anything, what matters the most is planning same is with organisational change. It is never easy for people to accept what comes within that change process. They find it difficult to adjust or absorb to change and also for the management, it is not an easy task. They may have to face various reactions to it including temporary reductions in performance measurements and activity. For this purpose, a proper timetable must be provided which may give the employees enough time to get ready. This may also produce the impact desired by Mr. Regal and the new management of NHS (Karen, Jean Gretl; 2012). CLARIFICATION/RATIONALE The second step is to what the outcomes of it may be the Clarification/Rationale. For this, it is important that the management is familiar with measurable outcomes. Mr. Regal and his team managing all must have a comprehensive vision that may lead NHS to new developments. The staff may get affected by the change being implemented. COMMUNICATION INVOLVEMENT Mr. Regal knows that in order to have proper implementation of plans, the doctors, nurses as well as other workers in NHS must have confidence. For this purpose, it is necessary that they must have recognition of benefits and responsibilities, acceptance, understanding, will, interest, and  awareness. This could only be achieved if proper strategy regarding effective communication and involvement is drawn (Karen, Jean Gretl; 2012). It is important that all the stake holders of NHS must be taken in confidence before the implementation of policy. The communication between the both parties is vital to reach a break through. Ineffective communication may result in difference of opinion. Thus by implementing proper communication skills, effective involvement can be ensured. RISK ASSESSMENT Mr. Regal suggests that implementing the process of change within NHS may be easier said than done provided that proper planning is implemented. Nevertheless with a process of change also comes the feeling of fear from within such as negative reactions, doubt, change in working and location. This is something that must be assessed at the earliest and must be done by a competent team. They are the individual who look to safeguard the interests of working groups specially the vulnerable people who may get impacted by the change. For this purpose, an implementation plan must be designed according to the time frame of change (Karen, Jean Gretl; 2012). MONITORING Monitoring within the organisation is necessary to know about the activities the employees are engaged in. This also depends on what type of change is being implemented within the organisation. In many organisations the best way to get feedback is to make use of various perspectives. The best form of monitoring can be done on the basis of complaints, facts, reports, opinion, outputs, behaviour and levels of error. It is not necessary for techniques of monitoring to be elaborate but they must be appropriate and timely. Despite of its effectiveness, it may be considered as violation of privacy matters of the employees. Many organisations make use of various tools including the audio monitors and cameras. The employees too may enjoy various benefits of monitoring  including the safety measures. Many organisations including the hospitals and banks make use of close circuit television systems (CCTV) to monitor for safety. ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING Mr. Regal is of opinion that NHS must implement organisational learning which facilitates room for improvement. He explains that only those organisations that are willing to learn from their mistakes and ready to transform succeed. This phase of learning may not necessarily be a beneficial one. There might be a possibility that any individual within NHS may learn but not share with his team mates. Similarly, the subordinates in NHS may not be share the information learnt due to its policies. In order for NHS to become a learning organisation, it is important that it is ready to change, learn and adapt. In todays competitive marketplace, an organisation maintaining its position in rapid changing environment is a tough ask. Everyday constant developments are being made thus providing corporations to transform into learning organisation. Mr. Regal believes that NHS has a capability to provide platform for learning. This may be stored in the minds of the people as well as the organisational memory in form of written documents, policies and procedures. If NHS successfully transforms itself as a learning organisation, it may widen the prospects by creating practices (Neil, Jo; 2013). In order for NHS to prosper according to the modern phenomenon of change, it is important that it must learn from experience directly as well as others. The organisation may directly learn from experience by working on procedures of incremental refinement. Mr. Regal explains that it is natural for an organisation like NHS to be faced with number of obstacles including the lack of learning orientation. This is one of the most important of all the barriers in any organisation. These may be further classified into three types environmental, individual/group and organisational. In order for NHS to progress, the  people within the working group must have an active mind. The barriers of learning within an organisation include management practices and corporate culture. Besides that concern from external stake holder, industries, and public policy results in external barriers. EMBEDDING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Mr. Regal suggests that NHS must act according to the standards of modern day organisation. Like others, it must introduce initiatives of change regularly perhaps on multiple levels too. Mr. Regal emphasises that proper process of research needs to be implemented on total quality management. This in turn will build cultures of compliance and health. As an organisation NHS has always worked on phenomenon of high quality care for all. Today, many leading organisations throughout the world are focusing on system of the organisation and system health at the same time. These are linked with a promise that quality work today may pave way for tomorrows high-quality work. The hallmark of a healthy organisation is that they embed culture promoting engagement, trust and openness. They achieve it on the basis of learning and improvement process. In almost all the organisations, there are often contradictory aspects hidden. In NHS, the priority is the measurement of higher outcomes such as population health. The founding principle of NHS has always been high quality care for all (HQCfA). The main point of focus is how this may be achieved emphatically. For this purpose the priority of work is done is patient and population which is deemed as weakest link. WHAT IS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT? Quality improvement is something that every organisation must thrive upon. There are various approaches and definitions and may be more fruitful than the other one. In medical practice, the purpose of quality improvement is to look for ways to provide better services and care. Mr. Regal says that change management may only be effective if the team performs as a single  unit. Quality Improvement is a team process at its core. When the circumstances are right the team perform according to different perspectives, knowledge, skills and experience. This helps in bringing out improvements that last long and is beneficial for the entire team as one unit. In order for the program to be successful, it is important that the top leadership as well as the employee support the process of change. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed for the process of Quality Improvement. This helps for improvement of safety, effectiveness and efficiency. NHS has always thrived on leadership and engagement for improvement. Every organisation has a room for improvement in one way or another. Same is with NHS as assessed by Mr. Regal along with his management team. As a matter of fact changes needed in NHS include changes made on a drastic level. Change management is a process of transition from current to new mode. It is important for the individuals to be ready for the change. The first and the foremost step, is focusing on the ability of leadership. Mr. Regal must act as a role model for other employees within NHS to follow. He must set an example that becomes cornerstone of the organisation. He must implement rules and regulations that maybe followed in the long run. As a leader, he must avoid using thought process that creates separation in form of perks. Mr. Regal knows that talking to people working in the organisation on policy matter will restore their trust on him. Also he may be able to know about the problems faced by the employees and solve them individually. Two other aspects that matters the most are passion and genuineness. IDENTIFIES AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT In order to bring change within NHS, each working group must know what role they need to play. They must realise importance of their role in the process and consider it as a historical one. As a supreme command, it is the duty of Mr. Regal to communicate with each and everyone involved in the process. Those who have concerns regarding the change need to be addressed at the earliest. In order to bring down frustration, Mr. Regal must keep in mind the six phases that reflect the reaction of the people affected by the change. IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED CHANGES ANTICIPATION: Many of the employees are anxious what the change may be and how will have an impact on them. Such employees are unable to know what it has for or against them and dont know what to expect. CONFRONTATION: This is the stage where people discover that something good or bad is going to happen. Many times they are able to figure out that the plan of change has already been initiated. REALIZATION: The third phase is of realisation where the impact of the change is in front of the people. The results will always be different as realised by the people. DEPRESSION: Besides being intellectual people begin to know the outcome of the change that makes them emotional. They begin to mourn on the past but cant do anything about it leading to stress and depression. ACCEPTANCE: In this phase, people begin to acknowledge the process of change both emotionally and intellectually. In any organisational setup, people at first have some reservation but seeing the benefits may change their opinion. Nevertheless, there is no reassurance to it. ENLIGHTENMENT: In this last phase, people begin to wonder how they were able to manage the old ways while this change has turned out to be more fruitful to them. EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITIES Bringing change management and to make it work effectively is not a piece of cake for anyone. A consultant like Mr. Regal too will require time to convince employees working within NHS. For this purpose, it is important that why to bring out the best service from the organisation the world has ever seen. It is important that the management and the staff both support one another for the accomplishment of the goals desired. As a unit both of the organisation stake holders need to understand the importance of the decision. The plan is to make NHS sustainable and best value organisation for the benefit of the people. This model of Change in NHS vows for the improvement collectively in terms of experience and knowledge. This process may also take into account former employees of NHS who had a history of quality services within the organisation. Since its birth, the organisation of NHS has worked for the benefit of humanity. Today it stands tall as the largest organisation of Europe dedicated to provide detailed healthcare services at minimal or low rate. Mr. Regal hopes with his new change policy, the organisation may become the largest healthcare organisation in the entire world. However, for that purpose, proper mechanism of work needs to be planned. The day when NHS was born, it comprised of more or less 14 regional hospital boards. Today it is also known to be the extensive employer of the nation (Nigel; 2011). CHANGES REQUIRED INTRODUCING IMPROVEMENTS TO THE ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITIES NHS may benefit a lot from change process by introducing improvements to the activities of the organisation. In aiming for continuous improvement, NHS must market what they work for i.e. healthcare services. Mr. Regal emphasises that proper planning leads all the way to success for organisations initiating change. Despite this change process being beneficial to the organisation like NHS,  but there are certain things that may turn against if the management isnt prepared. These challenges may be because of not creating ample room for improvements, slower adoption, work surroundings, resistance and ultimately not creating the necessary improvements for the organization. If in future NHS further aims to make itself better by bringing in new concepts, they must know how to manage and operate it effectively (Nigel; 2011). To begin with changes need to be done must be planned first but implemented gradually. This may help in bringing helpful change to one and all. The employees must be taken into confidence for the implementation of policy and thus building awareness is important. Inform the employees, inviting them to be the part of change process. Make an announcement and publish it via intranet besides informing the employees by meeting them. It is also important to mention the date and time of the process to take effect. Involve in all the employees of the company so that documentation; scheduling or minutes of meeting can be carried out (Nigel; 2011). It is important to satisfy the employees that the change that is going to happen is for betterment of the organisation. Those who have questions or concerns related to it need to be satisfied. The employees are mainly concerned with how the policy change may affect them. For this purpose, it is important for Mr. Regal to remain calm and patient and address the situation effectively. In order for the assistance of the employees, he must provide documentation for the changes going to happen within NHS. Write step by step instructions things required for the completion of expected process. To help out the employees of NHS, he must offer practice and training programs so that they may learn about the new procedures. It is not necessary to implement changes overnight; it may require slow but progressive steps towards the change. The best way is to make changes one at a time. It may help the employees to learn about new procedures before moving to next step. Feedback from the staff involved is also important as comments, suggestions, ideas or concerns may help to move to the next  milestone. This may also help the employees getting closer to Mr. Regal and they may understand process in far better way. Also it is his responsibility what employees have to say about the possible changes in the procedure. Do appreciate where credit is due when any employee comes up with suitable alternative or suggestion. Mr. Regal must be open to all the employees of NHS and thus answer any questions that emerge in their minds. In case of success motivate employees by giving them appreciation through barbecues or pizza parties. This helps to bridge the gap between the management and the employees. The engagement of variety of people such as user groups, as clinicians, administrative staff and patients is also helpful for the improvement of the services. This way conflicts within an organisation may also be avoided. AGREE AND COMMUNICATE THE PROPOSED CHANGES WITH STAKEHOLDERS Before approaching the stake holders Mr. Regal and team has to go through thorough research. The best way of it is to accompany with the group of experts having good networks. Their role will be to conduct brain storming sessions to the people and groups associated. Make a list of the changes associated with NHS and record it on laptop or flipchart. On finalising the names in the list, then the stakeholders must be arranged according to affect, power and influence. There are 9Cs in healthcare service are Competitors, Commissioners, Customers, Collaborators, Contributors, Channels, Commentators, Consumers, and Champions. CONCLUSION Change management is essential part of business and so do healthcare industry. Both of them rely upon the use of technology, organisational structure, management systems and processes. A hierarchy of organisation includes the bureaucratic processes and chain of command. For this purpose approval with the management is considered mandatory. Thus the roles of employees and leaders are well defined one has to obey the order while the  other has to command. References Alison, Hann; (2012); Health Policy and Politics; Ashgate Publishing, Ltd; ISBN: 140949120X, 9781409491200; pp 150-151. Elizabeth, McCormick; (2012); Change for the Better: Self-Help through Practical Psychotherapy; SAGE; ISBN: 144626808X, 9781446268087; pp 300-301. Gallouj Djellal; (2011); The Handbook of Innovation and Services: A Multi-disciplinary Perspective; Elgar Original Reference Series; Edward Elgar Publishing; ISBN: 1849803307, 9781849803304; 750-751. Karen, Luker, Jean, Orr Gretl, A. McHugh; (2012); Health Visiting: A Rediscovery; John Wiley Sons; ISBN: 1444335812, 9781444335811; pp 230-231. Neil, Gopee Jo, Galloway; (2013); Leadership and Management in Healthcare; SAGE; ISBN: 1446294862, 9781446294864; pp 250-251. Nigel, Crisp; (2011); 24 Hours to Save the NHS: The Chief Executives Account of Reform 2000 to 2006; Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0199639957, 9780199639953; pp 200-201.

Using The Strategy Of Preemption For Preventing Terrorism Politics Essay

Using The Strategy Of Preemption For Preventing Terrorism Politics Essay Terrorism is a broad phenomenon which can have many subjective interpretations. Even if its definitions vary widely, it is well known that terrorism relies on the use of violence and it can be seen as a result of bargaining failure. Terrorist actions are carried out by non-state actors and are designed to achieve specific political changes. In order to achieve their objectives, terrorists are looking for different targets which, hit, assure not only a considerable loss, but also a psychological impact on public opinion, endangering human lives, values systems, standards and political systems. As terrorism became a global issue, states adopted different strategies such as defensive measures, preemption, or negotiation and compromise in order to prevent and fight against it. In this essay I will analyze one of the strategies mentioned above, the strategy of preemption against terrorism and I will examine its costs and benefits. In the first part of my essay I will present this strategy in detail, explaining what it represents and how it can be adopted. In the second part of this essay I will emphasize the costs and the benefits of this strategy, giving certain examples. I will also try to explain in what sense it can increase support for groups who are using terrorist strategies. In the end, I will state my conclusion, based on arguments. The strategy of preemption is based on taking the initiative and destroy terrorist networks before they attack. This strategy can be applied by destroying terrorist camps or their hiding places, or by assasinating them. This was the most outstanding strategy adopted by the Bush administration as a response to the terrorist attacks on 9/11. In September 2002, the President George Bush emphasised the need of using this strategy in order to preempt attacks from states which may posses weapons of mass destruction. Both wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were justified by the President of the U.S. as ways of preventing terrorism.(Haynes, Jeffrey. World Politics. Harlow: Longman/Pearson, 2011. Print) As it has recentely been adopted by the U.S, terrorism preemption could be defined as those offensive military and associated actions by the services and other appropriate agencies that are initiated against terrorists, their organizations, supporters,and sponsor states to prevent or deter acts or c ampaigns of terrorism directed against US citizens and interests.( Sloan, Stephen 2000:39 ) The terrorist attacks on 9/11 had a great impact not only in U.S., but also on the whole international security context. Before these events, the imbalance and balance between the states represented a normal geopolitical framework, but which was seriously affected because of the emergence and development of civil, nongovernmental and transnational organizations which took the shape of terrorist organizations. Washington is dealing with actions carried out by terrorist organizations including Al-Qaeda, which is the most important. European Union may be destabilized quite seriously, if it will not manage effectively with the fate of millions of Islamists whose political culture is totally different from the liberal democratic system. There is emphasized the idea that the destabilization of the current world order has its roots in Washingtons failure in Iraq. Also, it is quite certain that it could reach the same result even if the U.S. intervened elsewhere than in Iraq or Afghanistan. It could reach the same result even if it did not intervene at all, anywhere, because the danger comes from non-state actors, who are determined to end the existence of states, civilizations and cultures that seem to be in conflict with their religious believes. (Amoore, Louise, and Marieke De Goede. Risk and the War on Terror. London: Routledge, 2008. Print.), (Baylis, John, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens. The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations. New York, NY: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.), (Chomsky Noam, Hegemonie sau supravieÃ…Â £uire. America à ®n căutarea dominaÃ…Â £iei globale, BucureÃ…Å ¸ti, Ed. Antet, 2003) Fighting against terrorism represents a war, strategies made in detail, not only large-scale actions such as the counterblast of the U.S and their allies in Afghanistan and Iraq. It is a conflict that depends on political decisions, information technology and on the capability of mobilizing the resources. The year 2003 represented an important moment during this fight against terrorism, even from its beginning, when in March, the war started in Iraq. The campaign from Iraq is unique, characterized by shock, by the precise usage of the ammunition which occurred at a scale as has never been, and also by the use of overwhelming forces. Using well prepared strategies, allowed the execution of the operation in a sustained manner and minimized the collateral damage. (Amoore, Louise, and Marieke De Goede. Risk and the War on Terror. London: Routledge, 2008. Print.) This brings me to the second part of this essay. Even if the good strategies used during the war minimized the loss, the strategy of preemption remains very costly in many ways. First of all, surveillance must be continuous; otherwise it will be impossible to prevent all the terrorist attacks. Secondly, tracking all the possible terrorist activities is also a hard and costly activity. More than these, surveillance can violate the civil liberties of innocent citizens. Accomplishing all of these, an important amount of financial and human resources are needed. The key to an effective fight against terrorism is the accountability of the democratic states, a process of strengthening their institutional instruments, in order to apply better and strictly impose the law. In the same time, the democratic states have to be trained in an international cooperation of preventing and fighting against terrorism from a political, economical, social and military perspective. The international cooper ation is essential for an efficient monitoring system of the terrorist threat.( Andreescu, Anghel, and Nicolae Radu. OrganizaÃ…Â £iile Teroriste Conceptualizarea Terorii vs Securitatea Europeană. Bucuresti: M.I.R.A, 2008. Print.) Another problem of this policy is that preemption itself is illegal under the international law, which makes it impossible to finance it and to be supported by many countries. There is though an exception of this law, an exception which allows a strategy of preemption when it is known for sure that a state will be attacked. This law appeared right after the Second World War, and because of that it refers to a military threat from other states. Regarding the fact that terrorist networks act on their own, without asking approval from any state, the strategy of preemption can not be approved by the UN. (Shue, Henry, and David Rodin. Preemption: Military Action and Moral Justification. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.) Of course, making public the adoption of such strategy of fighting against terrorism in certain areas, can draw the attention of the terrorist groups and they can use these information to prepare themselves. This will make defeating them much harder and will take much longer than expected. Using preemption as a long term strategy and by attacking all the people involved in terrorist activities, terrorists will be able to adapt themselves and be prepared for a war, knowing the strategies of the target country from previous attacks. This is why, from a practical perspective, this strategy can be used only on a short term. (Chomsky Noam, Hegemonie sau supravieÃ…Â £uire. America à ®n căutarea dominaÃ…Â £iei globale, BucureÃ…Å ¸ti, Ed. Antet, 2003 ) The most important aspect is, when talking about a strategy of preemption, the amount of money spent on financing the war which will prevent a terrorist attack. Since the events on 9/11, the U.S. spent a huge amount of money in order to financially support the war of terror. The Americans invaded Iraq because, as Bush administration affirmed, it was financially supporting terrorism and was possessing weapons of mass destruction. This invasion caused instability in the U.S economy. The economist Joseph Stiglitz said in 2008 that the U.S adventure in Iraq is more expensive than any war that has ever been fought. More than that, 4.421 Americans died when the invasion started, in March 2003 and 32.000 were hurt during the attacks. Almost 100.000 of Iraqi citizens died during the war. In 2009, the U.S. military expenses numbered $663,3 mld, but according to the Congressional Research Service, the costs of the war will be around $802 mld at the and of 2011. (Rosca, Cristina, and Andreea Neferu. US Ended the War in Iraq. Financial Newspaper 1 Sept. 2010. Print.) As it can be seen, the costs of a preemtive war are very high, and not only from a financial point of view. Besides the costly military operations and the suffering caused to civilians, the strategy of preemption also leads to a ruined infrastructure. After the terrorist threat will be removed, more funds will need to be allocated to pay for the reparations that the war caused. Another fact that needs to be noticed when talking about preemption is that foreign countries may find this strategy a disproportionate response to the terrorist threat. Because, by definition, preemptive actions occures before a terrorist attack, the target countries may have good reasons to exaggerate the real threat . Also, because predictions can be sometimes deviant, other states may remain skeptical on this strategy when a country adoptes it. The decision that the Bush administration took regarding the invasion of Afghanistan was seen by many states necessary and totally justified after the attacks on 9/11. On the other hand, the decision of expanding the war from Afghanistan to Iraq, which was never linked with the terrorist attacks that took place on 9/11, excepting by the Bush administration, made people from all around the world to fear a possible invasion. Now, the countries worldwide were at risk of preemptive war if they were accused for terrorism actions or for financia lly supporting terrorism. Many foreign governments opposed to this actions which was seen by them as a violation of the sovereignty of a country.(Haynes, Jeffrey. World Politics. Harlow: Longman/Pearson, 2011. Print.) Using the strategy of preemption, even for fighting against terrorism, can result in more support from the people for those who are carrying out the attacks. As I have mentioned above, preemptive actions can cause many damages in the states accused by terrorist actions. Ruining the infrastructure of a country, and more than that, causing suffering to innocent civilians will make the citizens of that country fight against the state that attacked them, and even support the terrorist networks. In the case of the U.S actions, even if they gained many allies to fight with against terrorism, the Americans also made many enemies in the countries they attacked. When talking about preemption, some people sustain the idea of self-defence, justifying the actions that need to be taken according to this strategy. Other people, espacially those who opposed to the Iraq War, deny the fact that a preemptive action could be ever justified. (Shue, Henry, and David Rodin. Preemption: Military Action and Moral Justification. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.) In conclusion, the strategy of preemption, used in fighting against terrorism is not totally effective. Even if it seems to remove the terrorist threat and it is seen in some countries as one of the best actions that a stat can adopt against terrorism, it can be very costly because of the military operations that it involves. On a first sight it seems to be working but, in order to state this sentance, the damages that it may cause need to be excluded. It can violate the civil rights, it seems to have a lack of legitimacy, creates suffering among civilians, can make more people suport the terrorist networks and, probably the most important aspect, it can not be adopted for a long term period.

Skydiving History and Today Essay -- essays research papers fc

The first ideas of freefall did not consider the evolution of human body flight that skydiving has become today. In fact, Leonardo Da Vinci, who we now consider the â€Å"Father of the Parachute,† designed the first conceivable sketch of a parachute. His original idea was to build a device to rescue people from burning buildings, not knowing what his impact may be on the sport six centuries later. Andre Jacques Garnerin is recorded to make the first exhibition jump in Paris from a balloon on October 27,1797. However, sport parachuting began with the first recorded freefall in 1914 by a woman named Georgia (Tiny) Broadwick. Until this time, a static line was used to deploy parachutes. Broadwick was giving the first demonstration of a parachute jump to the US government. After her initial three static line jumps, her fourth resulted in a static line/aircraft entanglement. Therefore, on her fifth jump, she decided not to use the static line. After cutting the static line, she left enough to pull the parachute pack open on her own after exiting the airplane. After this feat of freefall, the US Army Signal Corps initiated a new era in aviation safety procedures. In Tiny’s career, she accumulated over 1,100 skydives, set numerous records, and set the standard for those following in her footsteps. In 1973, Broadwick celebrated her eightieth birthday at Perris Valley Skydi ving in California. After watching everyone else land she commented, â€Å"Boy, I always landed in trees, swamps, rivers and mud holes. Sure is something else seeing all these kids land right where they want to!† (www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html) Real controlled freefall began with the French and is brought to the United States by Jacque Istel in the late 1950’s. Istel and Lew Sanborn (USPA License D-1) were the first to introduce the idea that military airborne training was not the only way to make a parachute jump, civilians can have structure too. Originally coined the â€Å"French Frog† position, it has now morphed into what skydivers now know as the â€Å"Box Man† position. During freefall, the jumper is oriented stomach to earth, making ninety-degree angles with his elbows, shoulders, and knees. Although Sanborn and Istel introduced the first three-hour jump course in 1957, until the mid 1960’s many people still obtained parachutes and... ... of â€Å"boogies† where skydivers gather funds to benefit a worthy cause. From MS to breast cancer (Jump for the Cause boogie) jumpers are willing to give back to the sport and community in any way possible. Demo skydives are often performed during football games in stadiums, or air shows. Children are inspired and intrigued by parachutists, and the Golden Knights Demonstration Team knows just that. Performing 200 demo’s a year, the Knights will jump and speak at baseball games, high schools, and air shows. Skydiving is an endeavor that gives freedom, unrestricted flight, and most importantly all jumpers are fully aware that there is no such thing as a perfectly good airplane. "And once you have tasted flight, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards, for there you have been, and there you long to return" (Leonardo Da Vinci). Works Cited The Parachute Manual Volume II; Poynter, Dan. Pp. 564-566. Parachutist, April 2004. pp. 54-59. http://www.skydivecairns.com/au/history.htm http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/wpc.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/1958rules.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html

Elements Of Property Offences In UK Essay

INTRODUCTION In most societies today, property offences have become prevalent in most courts of law. There have been cases of property offences here and there in most countries of the world. United Kingdom is not exceptional when it comes to the issue of property offences; therefore, in this seminar presentation a succinct or close examination of property offences in the United Kingdom shall be the focus of our discussion. This will prepare the young and potential layers in colleges for their impending mock law examination. Thus, this paper is a pathway to success in the area of criminal law, as it will broaden the horizon of students stressing in criminal law, particularly in the area property offences. AN OVERVIEW OF PROPERTY OFFENCES   Ã‚   There are wide varieties or kinds of property offences under both the common law and the statue law as initiated by the parliament. Understanding of what is term common law becomes imperative here; the common law is the law which has been built up by judges making decisions over centuries. We refer to the judges’ law as â€Å"precedents†, which it is offer called in most courts today. Like the case above, understanding of property offences; the main statue law passed by the parliament of New South Wales which deals with property offences is the crimes Act 1900, which has been amended by the parliament many times since it was enacted. Property offences thus involve extremely complicated relationships between the property itself, whose property it is and whether or not it is in someone’s possession, and what relationship or understanding there is between the accused and the victim about the property. It is therefore very important to take cursory examination of the various issues that can arise from property offences. This will provide enough insight and information to a better understanding of property offences. The most common offences are larceny, receiving and malicious damage, which shall be treated below. It is an offence under the Crime Act of 1900 in New South Wales to commit larceny. Thus the maximum penalty for such given by the statute is 5 years goal. The meaning or elements of the offence of larceny are governed by the common law, or judge-made law, which have built up over the years with judicial decisions. The elements of the offence of larceny are well established and have been summarized thus. A person must without the consent of the owner, fraudulently and without claim of right made in good faith, take and carry away, anything capable of being stolen, with intent at the time of such taking permanently to deprive the owner of that property. As shown here, each of these elements contain facts which would have to be proven beyond reasonable doubts by the prosecution for the offence to be proved in court. A typical example is that if a person walks into a shop and takes a bag of rice from and walks out intending to keep the bag of rice for himself or herself, and without any permission or right to do so, that person is guilty of larceny. Shop lifting is the most common form of larceny. However, if the facts are charged straightly, the prosecution cannot succeed. This means that if the person who took the bag of rice does not intend to permanently deprive the owner of the rice, then he does not commit larceny. If the bag of rice actually becomes to the person because he or she paid for it in the shop earlier that day and left it in the shop to be collected later, then there is no case of larceny because the person a claim of right and ownership. The variations on the facts are many and every case is haled depending on its own facts in the law court. ACTUS REUS AND MENS REA The actus reus-sometimes called the external element of a crime is a Latin term for the guilty act which, when proved beyond reasonable doubt in combination with the mens rea, i.e. the â€Å"guilty mind† produces criminal liability in common law-based on criminal law jurisdiction of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Scotland, and the United States. According to Allen, Michael â€Å"In criminal law, mens rea—the Latin term for â€Å"guilty mind† is usually one of the necessary elements of crime. The standards common law test of criminal liability is usually expressed in Latin phrase; actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, which means that the act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty†. Thus in jurisdictions with due process, there must be an actus reus accompanied by some level of mens rea to constitute the crime with which the defendant is charged. In this sense, mens rea refers to the mental element of the offence that accompanied the actus reus. In some jurisdictions, the terms mens rea and actus reus have been superseded by alternative terminology. However, there are four general classes of mens rea which its words may vary from one state to another. These include (1) intention (2) knowledge (3) Recklessness (4) negligence. A GENERAL INTRODUCTION INTO THEFT BY THEFT ACT 1968, ROBBERY – S. 8(1) The Act 1960 (1968c. 60) is an act of the parliament of the United Kingdom, governing most of the general property offences in English law. On 15 January 2007, the Fraud Act 2006 came into force, repeating most of the offences f deception. Historically, the Theft Act 1960 resulted from the efforts of the Criminal Law Revision committee to reform the English law of Theft. The Larceny Act 1916 had codified the common law, including Larceny itself, but it remained a complex web of offences. The intention of the Theft Act 1968, was to replace the existing law of larceny and other deception related offences, by single enactment, creating a more coherent body of principles that would allow the law to evolve to meet a new salvations. The Act was assented to on July 26th, 1968. To understand Theft by Theft Act, the basic definition of theft itself becomes imperative. THEFT; DEFINITION In the criminal Law, theft (also known as stealing) is â€Å"the illegal taking of another persons property without that person’s freely-give consent. As a term, it is used as shorthand for all major crimes against property, encompassing offences such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, mugging, trespassing, shop lifting, intrusion, fraud (theft by deception) and sometimes criminal conversion†. Theft is offer considered to be synonymous with larceny. In this work, theft has replaced larceny. Therefore, someone who carries out an act o for makes career of theft known as a thief. Therefore, a person shall be guilty of theft if he dishonestly appropriate, property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it. DETAILS OF THEFT TO THEFT ACT – 1968 THEFT ACT 1968, AGGRAVATED BURGLARY. ROBBERY = P. A person is guilty of robbery if he steals, and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, he uses force on any person or puts or seeks to put any person in fear of being there and there subjected to force. This means in a clear and simple term that the victim of such robbery is subjected to either physical or mental torture. This is a strategy employ by the robber to accompany his / her mission. In this case, a typical example is relevant. Take for instance, Mr. Johnson and Alfred entered a hotel with a gun and shot to the air to intimidate the customers and the workers, collected monies and other valuables from them, on their way out of the hotel, they were caught by the alerted patrol team of the police, in this situation Alfred and Mr. Johnson are guilty of robbery. A person guilty of robbery or of an assaults with intent to rob, shall on conviction on indictment be liable to imprisonment for life. This should be the case of Alfred and Mr. Johnson exemplified above. BURGLARY A person is guilty of burglary if: He enters any building or part of a building as a trespasser, he steals or attempts to steal anything in the building or that part of tit or inflicts or attempts to inflict on any person therein any grievous bodily harm. The offences referred to in sub-section 1(a) above are offences of stealing anything in the building or part of a building in question, of inflicting on any person therein any grievous bodily harm or (raping any person therein, and of doing unlawful damage to the building or anything therein. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A person guilty of burglary shall be on conviction on indictment be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding; Where the offence was committed in respect of a building or part of a building which is a dwelling fourteen years; In any other case, ten years. References in subsections (1) and (2) above to a building, and the reference in subsection (3) above to a building which is a dwelling, shall apply also to an inhabited vehicle or vessel, and shall apply to any such vehicle or vessel at times when the person having a habitation in it is not there as well as at times when he is. A good example of a person who seems to be guilty of burglary is established thus; Mr. Ali broke into Mr. John’s room, while he is away in Germany, on leaving, the security caught him, and dragged him to the court; John Mr. Ali’s action, he is guilty of burglary and is liable to face the charges and all the penalties. OBTAINING PROPERTY BY DECEPTION. S. 15    Any property acquire without the consent of the own through any form of dubious means is said to be a crime. Take for instance, it a vehicle is taken with the consent of the owner, it is said to be legal, however when consent if ignored, it is then said to be deception. Another good example is when one put up a force identity to hire a car. This overlaps with the 15 offences of obtaining property or services by deception. Taking by force may be robbery when defendant did not intend the victim to recover the car at all or so seriously damaged that it amounts to theft. It the evidence is insufficient for theft, the alternative charges are aggravated vehicle taking or blackmailing under S21. â€Å"Note that S12 (7) protects the interest of people hiring or buying under a hire purchase agreement deeming them to be the owner for the purposes of S12†. http.//en/wikipedia.org/wiki/IWOCH/ without the consent of the owner. AVERSION OF LIABILITY BY DECEPTION UNDER S.2 – D THEFT ACT 1979 Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents 9see false document), with the intent to deceive. The similar crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another including through the use of objects obtaining through forgery. Copies, studios replies, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misattributions. In the 16th century imitators of Albrecht Durer’s style of print making improved the market for their own prints by signing them â€Å"AD†, making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings meant to be by Picasso, Nee, and matisse. This usage of â€Å"forgery† does not derive from metal work done at â€Å"forge†, but it has a parallel history. A sense of â€Å"to counterfeit† is already in the Anglo-French verb forger â€Å"falsify†. Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft. Forgery is one of the threats that have to be addressed by security engineering. A forgery is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of forgery is less focused on the object itself – what it is worth or what it proves† – than on a tacit statement of criticism that is revealed by reactions the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a hoax. In a hoax, a rumor or a genuine object â€Å"planted† in a concocted situation, may substitute for a gorged physical object. OBTAINING A MONEY TRANSFER THROUGH DECEPTION Obtaining a money transfer by deception (1) alter section 15 of the (1968 c. 60) theft Act 1968 insert – â€Å"is a obtaining a money transfer by deception A person is guilty of an offence if by any deception he dishonestly obtains a money transfer for himself or another. A money transfer occurs when – a debit is made to one account a credit is made to another account the credit results from debit results from the credit References to a credit and to a debit are to a credit of an amount of money and to a debit of an amount of money. It is immaterial (in particular) – whether the amount credited is the same as the amount debited whether the money transfer is effected on presentment of cheque or by another method whether any delay occurs in the process by which the money transfer effected. Whether any intermediate credits or debits are made in the course of the money transfer. Whether either of the accounts is overdrawn before or after the money transfer is affect. A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable in conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding tem years. 15 B section 15A: supplementary (1) the following provisions have effect for the interpretation of section 15A of this Act. â€Å"Deception† has the same meaning as in section 15 of this Act. â€Å"Account means an account kept with – a bank or a person carrying on a business which falls within subsection (4) below A business falls within subsection if – in the curse of the business money received by way of deposit is lent to others; or any other activity of the business is financed wholly or to any material extent, out of the capital of r the interest on money received by way of deposit. For the purpose of subsection (4) above – all the activities which a person carries on by way of business shall be regarded as a single business carried on by him; and â€Å"money† includes money expressed in a currency other then sterling in the European currency unit (as defined in council regulation N. 3320/94/EC or any community instrument replacing it†. Nothing in this section has effect in relation to anything done before the day on which this act is passed. Dishonesty retaining a wrongful credit (1) after section 24 of the theft Act 1968 insert – 24 a dishonestly retaining a wrongful credit (1) A person is guilty of an offence if – a wrongful credit has been made to an account kept by him or in respect of which he has any right or interest. He knows or believes that the credit is wrongful; and he dishonestly fails to take such steps as are reasonable in the circumstances to secure that the credit is cancelled. References to a credit are to a credit of an amount of money. A credit to an account is also wrongful if it is the credit side of money transfer obtained contrary to section 15A of this Act; The few sited examples should do as they have clearly established the meaning of deception in the case of money transfer. Conclusively thus, this piece of work is a pathway to a great success in the area of criminal law in relation to students who are preparing for their mock examination. In this regards, the student of criminal law, at the end this seminar paper presentation will be sure that they won’t be ridiculed by any kind of question that might likely confront them. Thus, this paper is a total and holistic review of Theft by Theft Act of 1968 under the U.K criminal law. The paper thus is an eye opener to the students as many thing, would become quite clear to them. REFERENCES Allen Michael (2005) Criminal Law. Oxford. Oxford University Press. //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWOC without the content of the owner.

Why War Child Is A Great Organization Young People Essay Essays

Why War Child Is A Great Organization Young People Essay Essays Why War Child Is A Great Organization Young People Essay Essay Why War Child Is A Great Organization Young People Essay Essay Equally long as human live, there is war. Wars are frequently about grownups who disagree with each other. They hope to work out their struggles by destructing each others states without believing about the effects. Childs are really vulnerable in a war. They ve nil to make with it, but they are the biggest victims. They lose their parents through barrages or gun conflicts, so they become orphans. They witness awful things and images of the war will stalk them for the remainder of their lives. In the worst instance they are besides used as soldiers. War Child want to assist these kids who are affected by war. What is War Child? War kid is an organisation that helps kids who are affected by war. Children neer have to witness the awful position of a war. They must be protected. They have the right for a good, healthy and fun life. They want to put hope in the lives of kids who were and still are caught up in war. War kid is active in a batch of states around the universe. They help 1000s of kids every twelvemonth. At the minute there are about 30 wars in the universe. Some are every twenty-four hours in the intelligence and some neer. In the last century over 60 million people have been killed by a war. Most of them were adult females and kids. Children in war zones are injured, hungry and malnourished and they suffer from incubuss, incontinency, sleep upsets and depressions. They are guiltless and really vulnerable, that is why they get traumatized really easy. Unfortunately, many kids are scared for life. In order to make universe peace in the hereafter, it s of import to make everything to assist these kids. War Child is assisting by conveying stuff assistance into war zones, acquiring kids out of war zones, contending against kid soldiers, acquiring kids out of prisons and the street and they help kids who have been evacuated returning to their places safely. War kid besides offers psychological aid. It s really of import for the mending procedure of kids. They need person to speak about at that place war-experiences. In general, War kid is working on three different degrees: As a force per unit area group, everyone in the universe must cognize what s go oning in war zones. If there is more media attending, more people will assist War child. Peoples can donate some money or go a member of War kid. They bring the first necessity of life. Like nutrient en H2O. They help people reconstructing there houses so that they can go on there lives. The organisation consists two caput offices who complete each other: War Child Canada en War Child Holland. They have the same thoughts and the same trade name, but fiscal they are separate. War kid is every where in the universe, so they have many connexions with local organisations. So they know precisely what s go oning in a state. War Child besides helps to seek lost kids. War kid is being supported by the media and politicians. Musicians are an of import group of them. They help bettering the lives of kids in war by bring forthing consciousness and raising critical financess. The creative persons are paying attending to War Child and they ask for fiscal support during several music events. War Child is working where they believe the demand is greatest and where their experience and accomplishments will be of most value. Much research is necessary in order to develop methods to better the wellbeing of the kids. More about war Child Holland Willemijn Terloop started War Child in 1995. War kid was founded in 1995 by Willemijn Terloop. During her occupation as peace militant for the European Action Council for Peace in the Balkan, she met music professor Nigel Osborne. She went with him to a music workshop for kids, in a shelter. She got inspired by the felicity of the kids in a disconsolate and a devastated environment. She said: Music is a really strong tool to assist kids. They can demo their feelings. Music brings people together, it exceeds bounds. Beside her occupation for the Action Council, Willemijn started in Netherlands with the organisation of music plans for kids in Bosnia. Through Nigel she met the hereafter laminitiss of War Child England. Together they decided to set up structural music deliverance plans. The first large action consisted at five theme darks in the Supper nine, in the summer of 95. A batch of creative person, performing artists and Dutch Celebrities were assisting. The actions were making so good, that they decided to make this structural nut more frequently. So was War Child Holland in October 1995 functionary founded. The program was to upgrade the lives of war kids. Till 1997 War Child merely worked with voluntaries. In 1998 were three employees working by War Child. The same twelvemonth Marco Borsato became embassador of War Child. In 1999 War Child came by the crisis in Kosovo a batch in the intelligence. More and more people, company s and media wanted to work with War Child. War Child self began to form advanced actions and runs as Feast for Peace and The friends for War Child concerts. All these activities were sponsored, whereby War Child the full outputs could pass to the Children and the plans. The increasing attending for War Child was associated with a growing in income, this made it possible for War Child to spread out the figure of aid undertakings. Now War Child works in 12 plan lands. The figure of kids that War Child reached is in 14 twelvemonth grown of one-year 700.000 Children. At the caput office in Amsterdam has War Child 53 employees and in the undertaking lands 343 employees, after that supports War Child 73 local spouse organisations. In 2008 War Child got the Freedom from fright award from the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute. With this award the concern of the work of War Child for kids in war countries emphasiss. The Workshops The originative and sportive workshops of War Child make it possible for kids to larn to work together once more, to give their fright and sadness a topographic point and to acquire trust in their lives and in themselves. Generally takes a workshop two a three months, largely one or two hours a hebdomad. Pulling and picture: War Child uses for illustration pulling activities to give the kids some remainder, now they have the chance to calculate their emotions. Besides that are some pulling activities really utile to excite the cooperation between the childs. Play: In the drama-activities kids can larn to get the better of their uncertainness and to come in contact with their ain feelings. By playing another individual, they learn to manage with different emotions. Musics: In her activities War Child uses a batch of music. Music is an cosmopolitan linguistic communication which everybody speaks. Because it is most of the clip non-verbal it can convey kids with different narratives together. For kids who experienced a war, music can be a good manner to show some emotions. Making some music together is a really good manner to lose negative energy. The music activities can besides assist to acquire their assurance back. Sport: Beside the originative activities, War Child besides organize some athletics activities for the kids. Physical activities are necessary to lose tensenesss. It besides learns the kids to work and play together. In the athletics activities of War Child is it non all about winning . It is of import for the childs to play together, because it gives them assurance and it learns them societal accomplishments which are really of import for the remainder of their lives. Decision: War kid is an organisation that helps kids who are affected by war. They want to put hope in the lives of kids who were and still are caught up in war. In general, War kid is working on three different degrees: They are a force per unit area group: Media attending is really of import, people from all over the universe demand to cognize what s traveling on in warzones. If people want to assist they can donate some money and go a member of the organisation. They bring lifesaving supplies like H2O and nutrient. They help reconstructing war zones so that people can acquire on with their lives The association consists of two caput offices who complete each other: War kid Holland and War child Canada. War Child uses a batch of originative and sportive workshops to assist the childs, the workshops make it possible for kids to larn to work together once more, to give their fright and sadness a topographic point and to acquire trust in their lives and in themselves. War Child organizes a batch of activities and events. All these events are of class for enrolling more members and protagonists for War Child and besides for doing their name more known.

Strong Arts, Strong Schools essays

Strong Arts, Strong Schools essays After reading the two articles by Charles Fowler, I learned the importance of enforcing art into students education. Fowler suggested many concepts regarding arts in school life. Art is a necessity in students learning and development. In addition, if we can find the intelligences described by Howard Gardners article in each child, together with art in their lessons, it will be the best way a child can learn. According to the article, Strong Arts, Strong Schools, Fowler discussed how arts have a great influence in school. He believes The best schools have the best arts programs. In his article, Fowler gave an example of students studying the Grand Canyon. Instead of explaining every little details of the Grand Canyon, through looking at the picture or painting of the Grand Canyon, students will be able to see visually what it look like. However, one cannot really see everything just by looking at a picture, such as the measurement of the Grand Canon. Therefore, we also need to incorporate math and science into it. I completely agree with Fowler that a multiplicity of symbol systems are required to provide a more complete picture and a more comprehensive education. Fowler reasons that The arts teach divergent rather than convergent thinking. That means students can come up with their own correct response because there may be many correct answers in the real world. Through arts, students use hands on to experience and create their own inventions. From these inventions, each individual student had developed his/her own critical thinking and analysis skills. In addition, craftsmanship is also involved in the students inventions process. When one get involve into an art project, he/she will need to apply all the important details into it. He will try to do his best in making it perfect by using his judgment to self-correct. I believe art is a great motiv...

Pulot Essays

Pulot Essays Pulot Paper Pulot Paper I. Executive Summary1 II. Situation Analysis1 III. SWOT Analysis1 A. Strengths1 B. Weakness2 C. Opportunities2 D. Threat2 IV. Marketing Strategy2 A. Mission2 B. Market Segmentation3 C. Target Market5 D. Positioning5 E. Product Line5 F. Price6 G. Distribution Outlets6 H. Advertising and Promotion6 VI. Budget7 Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot7 VI. Implementation7 A. Complete the Marketing Plan8 B. Approving of the Plan8 C. Creating the proper layout design8 D. Create retail channels8 E. Advertise and Promote the Product8 F. Launching of the product8 G. Monitoring the performance9 VII. Controls9 I. Executive Summary II. Situation Analysis Eating sweets after meals are part of Filipino culture. Pulot is an Ilonggo heritage that was once popular but is now slowly forgotten. Pulot is made of muscovado sugar. The muscovado sugar or moist sugar is a dark brown and slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars and takes its flavor and color form its source, sugarcane juice. Muscovado sugar is liquefied to become the sweet dessert Pulot. The sweet amber dessert was packaged quaintly in a piece of slender bamboo covered with dry banana leaf. It is sold in affordable prices depending in the size of the container ranging from five pesos to twenty pesos. The basic market is not entirely aware of Pulot. Only those who have eaten in the restaurants like Breakthrough, and Tatoys’ are the one who knew this product. Pulot is only sold in Villa sold by local street vendors for restaurant customers as their dessert. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths Originality Pulot is a native product of Iloilo City, specifically in Villa, Arevalo. It is made from local products from ingredients to packaging. It could be infused with cassava, banana, kamote, ube and other native crops. No expiration Pulot is mainly made from muscovado sugar that is caramelized with a proportionate amount of water. Sugar is an incredible preservatives working in jams and jellies which apparently does not expire. And with its packaging made of bamboo stalk, keeps pulot from moisture to solidify and helps it stay in syrup. B. Weakness Low product knowledge and exposure In today’s generation, there is a variety of desserts available in the market. Due to the existence of foreign products, we are forgetting the local delicacies that define our culture. The younger generations have little or even no knowledge of native delicacies; one of them is Pulot. C. Opportunities Market Expansion Expanding the market will increase its productivity and exposure. Since Pulot is sold only in Villa, it could be sold in restaurants, Pasalubong centers and malls located in the city. Cultural Heritage Patronizing the local products will help preserve the unique Ilonggo traditions. Also, it is a way of enhancing the market for tourists. Variety of Uses Pulot can be used in different ways. It can be a dessert after meals; toppings for pancakes and pastries; sandwich spread; and ingredients for some delicacies. It could also be complimented with bananas, camotes, ube and other native products. D. Threat Existence of well known desserts The existence of well known foreign and local sweets will post a great difficulty for pulot to enter the modern market. IV. Marketing Strategy A. Mission Special Pulot aims to revive a part of Ilonggo culture in terms of dessert. The native treat exist to satisfy your sweet tooth with a new and attractive packaging design Financial Objective * To increase the sales by 10% for the first year of production * To sustain a research and development budget Marketing Objective * To increase the product awareness to younger generations B. Market Segmentation The profile for the Special Pulot’s consumers consists of geographic, demographic, and behavior factors. Special Pulot has several target segment customers, the individual customers (families, students, foreigners and balikbayans), restaurants and malls. Individuals: Geographics * The initial target is Iloilo City with the population of 418,710. * The total targeted population is 167, 484. Demographics * Students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. * Age group of 15 to 60 years Have a family income of more than P 15,000 a month might be part of Class A, B and C segment of the market. Behavior Factors * Likes sweet foods and native products. * There is a value attributed to the more attractive packaging of the product. * Are very open to new ways of using the product. * Tend to patronize higher – quality restaurants, malls and pasalubong centers. * Conscious of their health. Restaurants (and their customers): Geographics * Iloilo City has a lot of restaurants that serve Filipino dishes mostly in Villa, Molo and Manduriao Districts. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. Tend to eat out at least once a week. * Tend to patronize Filipino restaurants. Behavior Factors * Are health conscious. * Enjoy a sweet dessert every after meal. Malls: Geographics * The initial target malls are SM City in Manduriao and Robinsons’ Place in the city proper. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. * Tends to go to the malls as a leisure activity. Behavior Factors * Loves to eat while roaming around the mall. * Into nutritious and native foods. C. Target Market Based on the market segmentation, the target market are the students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. Individuals These individuals are composed of households in Iloilo City with a monthly family income of P10, 000 pesos. These are health conscious consumers that preferred the Special Pulot as condiment instead of refined sugar that contain chemical additives. Restaurants These are the restaurants in Iloilo City that serves Filipino dishes in their menu. Special Pulot will be served to the customers that want a native and nutritious treat for dessert after eating their meals. Malls Loaded Special Pulot will target the two major malls in Iloilo City, SM City and Robinson’s Place. The prospect customers will be the mall goers that love to eat sweet native delicacy. D. Positioning Special Pulot will position itself as a best choice delicacy in Iloilo. It will symbolize the love of Ilonggo people for sweet native food. This positioning will be achieved by expanding its target market, intensive knowledge dissemination regarding the product and establishing a unique product that will be put up in stalls at major malls and schools. The said unique product is a Special Pulot with native crop toppings such as banana, ube, kamote, roasted peanut and pinipig. Special Pulot will be sold on restaurant and Pasalubong Centers with a better packaging. E. Product Line There are three types of products that to be distributed to the market: 1) The Special Pulot that is sold in restaurants and Pasalubong Centers will be served with classy native packaging. The packing is a bamboo tube with ethnical carvings on the outside and has a product logo. The packaging will also have a list of nutritional value that a consumer could get in the product. The packaging has other purpose aside from containing Special Pulot. It could be a pencil holder or a flower vase. ) The Loaded Special Pulot that will be sold in stalls at malls will be served as a snack for mall goers with native crop toppings. The native crop toppings are boiled banana, ube, kamote, cassava, roasted peanuts and piniping. It will be served in paper bowls. 3) Another is the Special Pulot that is packed in glass jars to be sold in grocery stores and local dry markets to be consumed by local h ouseholds. This Special Pulot will be a good substitute for refined sugar and other sweeteners. Special Pulot is 100% made of Muscovado sugar that contains essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. Also, it only contains calories, thus, making it a good alternative to figure conscious consumers. This could be infuse in coffees or spread in bread. F. Price The price will be based on a per product price. For product 1, it will be sold in prices ranges from P20 to P50 pesos depending on the size of the container. For product 2, the prices will vary from P20 to P50 depending on the size of the container and an additional P5 for extra toppings. Then the Special Pulot that is packed in jars will have a price range of P30 to P60 pesos per product depending the size of the jars. G. Distribution Outlets The distribution outlets will be: * Restaurants * Pasalubong Centers and Grocery Stores * Malls H. Advertising and Promotion The product will be promoted through an advertising campaign that supports its positioning strategies and through participating in greater extent on dealer trade shows. The advertising campaign will be posters and flyers that have information about the product and will be put at the distribution outlets. The said posters will be posted on restaurants and pasalubong centers that sell Special Pulot and flyers will be distributed during trade shows in malls or events that sponsored by the company. VI. Budget Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot One-year Plan Legal expense*-P10,000. 00 Layout Design**-10,000. 00 Promotional Materials Posters-P9,000. 00 Flyers-4,000. 00 Total promotional materials expense13,000. 00 Communication and Transportation Expense20,000. 00 Labor Workers*** 17,000. 0 Product Control**** 10,000. 00 Contingency Fund 10,000. 00 TOTAL BUDGET FOR THE YEAR P90,000. 00 *Expenses for the processing of legal paper works for the project **Expenses for creating the design of the product’s packaging and for the employment of the layout artist ***Allocated for the salary of workers who will be promoting the product of different sites ****This is for the monitoring of the product. Workers will conduct a survey to measure the performance of the project. Schedule for monitoring the product is contained in part seven of the marketing plan, controls. VI. Implementation These are the following steps that company has to accomplish on time and within the budget: A. Complete the Marketing Plan The marketing plan for the product has to be completed and revised B. Approving of the Plan Once the plan had been finalized, it will be presented to the owner/ supplier of the product. Collaborating with the owners on their opinions and comments regarding the matter will be done. After clarifications and finalization of the actions to be taken, the operation will begin. C. Creating the proper layout design After the plan has been approved, the group will be hiring a layout artist to design the packaging of the product, with proper coordination with the operations department of the supplier, and the design for the promotional materials for the product. D. Create retail channels Contacting pasalubong centers and local restaurants as site of selling the product will then take place. Locating the proper area for setting up of stalls in malls will also be done. After pinpointing the appropriate site, construction of the stalls will take place. E. Advertise and Promote the Product Once the promotional materials had been finalized and printed, it will be placed on different areas in Iloilo city. F. Launching of the product The official wide scale launching of the product and simultaneously, advertising of the product. G. Monitoring the performance The workers will be regularly monitoring regarding the awareness of the customers regarding the product, revenue and expenses. VII. Controls The following areas will be monitored to measure performance:

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Police Association of New Orleans v. City of New orleans Case Study

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Make a report about tomorrowland festival Research Paper

Make a report about tomorrowland festival - Research Paper Example The nature in which the event draws comparison from other world major events makes it unique and a place to desire. The event creates an ambient atmosphere created by the event organiser makes it dribble with goodness for visitors and performers. The inaugural edition took place in Belgium and was organised by ID&T. the Dutch based company took part in organising the 2005 festival. The festival attracted 180000 attendants. The main performance included Technoboy and Push (Tomorrowland, 2014). The highly published event gave rise to a series of events. The successive years saw a 50000 increase in attendance. The yearly event took place in 2008 attracting a record 1000 DJ’s. In 2013, the first Tomorrowworld festival took place (Tomorrowland, 2014). The Georgia festival in USA attracted 140000 attendances. The extended version of the Belgian festival was a success and gave birth to a number of world Tomorrowworld festivals. The 2014 saw into attendance increase by 10,000 people. The 2015 edition is staged to take place in 2015. Brazil is the chosen as the event country. The festival has won a number of awards including the international dance music awards in 2013 and the Red Elektropedia awards in 2012 as the best festiv al (Tomorrowland, 2014). The festival attracts more than 400 deejays with the 2008 edition attracting a hundred DJs. Other staffs as selected by the human resource department include security and police officer (Tomorrowland, 2014). Their job description allows them to ensure a safe environment needed for the event. The other staff at the festival included the photographers and journalist whose main duty was to ensure the event is documented for future reference. The festival outsourced catering and accommodation services. This included tents and hotel room for the visiting audiences. The available capacity only allows accommodation for the performers thus to cater for the demand

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Gas prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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